Carlisle Encyclopaedia

PHPWord

IBIS HOTEL Botchergate

CN 08.08.2003 p14 £2m Ibis Hotel opens

ICE CREAM MANUFACTURERS

City Minutes 1902-03 p188 Water for ice collected from local ponds and pools

ICE MEN

Denton Holme Childhood, B.Cullen p58 Deliveries of ice to butchers 1930s

ICE RINK/ SKATING

See also Curling

CP 09.12.1892 p5c Skating pond at Botcherby; working on dam

CN 27.03.1987 p1 City will get ice rink within 3 years

CN 08.11.2002 p1 260 sq metre ice rink outside Old Town Hall for Christmas

CN 06.12.2002 p5 800 skaters in first weekend; letter page 13

CN 20.12.2002 p6 History of skating and various local ponds

CN 27.12.2002 p6 Unseasonal weather closes rink

CN 07.10.2005 p5 Planning permission refused for rink

CN 14.07.2006 p14 Willowholme ice rink that opened without planning permission closes

CN 27.04.2007 p22 Carlisle coach firm Stacey’s; rink which will become their depot

ICE SHOWS

CN 01.11.1996 p3 (illus) Fishy business keeps the phantom skating on

ICIS SALES

CN 09.04.1999 p15 I’ll fight on says sacked mum

IDEAL ADVERTISING AND DESIGN

CN 24.04.1987 p7 Liquidation

ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS

See also Stanwix Home for Friendless Girls

City Minutes 1908-09 p253-56 4 per thousand in year 1908

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1920 p79; 84 in 1920

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1924 p31 No facilities but for one house

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1924 p57 53 in 1924

City Minutes 1925-6 p96 Lease of Coledale Hall home for Friendless Girls

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1928 p66 83 in year, 74 per 1,000 births

CN 27.03.1943 Opening of St Mary’s Home by Bishop on 24.03.1943

ILLITERACY see ADULT ILLITERACY

IMMIGRANTS

See also CHINESE; ETHNIC GROUPS; IRISH; ITALIANS; RACISM

CJ 14.08.1914 p6 All foreigners residing in Carlisle to be registered

Chief Constable’s Annual Report for 1929 p6 Nos of aliens in city by nationality

CN 08.12.1973 p3 Ugandan Asians in Carlisle

CN 30.08.1991 p44 City delicatessen man goes home after 44 years [Czechoslovakia. Mr Becko fled the country in 1939]

CN 01.04.2005 p6 Success story of Iranian businessman in city

CN 12.08.2005 pp12 Feature on Bangladesh businessman

CN 16.12.2005 p1 Estimate of 300-400 migrant workers in city

CN 12.01.2007 p24 Polish food store opens in Market Hall

2023 Hilltop Hotel and Stanwix Park Hotel used to house refugees

IMPACT HOLIDAYS

CN 02.07.1993 p2 Holiday makers stranded

IMPACT HOUSING

CN 11.10.1991 p23 City hostel

CN 03.09.2004 p13 Letter concerning Carlisle’s University Halls of Residence

INCAR HIFI Shaddongate

CN 29.05.1998 p6 Ad

INDENTURES

CJ 05.05.1950 p5 Circa 1850

INDEPENDENT BUILDERS MERCHANTS; Kingmoor

CN 05.11.2004 p20 Opens in Carlisle

INDEPENDENT CHAPEL Annetwell Street

CN 10.04.1987 p4 (illus)

CN 13.01.1989 p4 A vanished city church

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS Nationwide Temperance Movement. It was non-denominational but Methodists were prominent in the movement because of their stand on drink. In 1905 Carlisle had 4 lodges for meetings and social activities; Anchor Lodge which met at the Mission Hall Beaconsfield Street, the Beacon of the Border Lodge which met at the United Methodist Free Church, Lowther Street, Hope of Carlisle Lodge which met at the Temperance Lodge, Caldewgate and the Excelsior Lodge which met at Christ Church Schools, Lancaster St. Lodges existed in Carlisle until the 1960s. In 1957/58 a national conference was held in the city, when Carlisle still had two lodges.

INDIAN KING Botchergate; in local directories 1834 to 1837

INDIAN MUTINY

Carlisle Examiner 27.05.1858 p4a,b Letters home from soldiers

Carlisle Examiner 10.08.1858 p2c Letter home from Carlisle lad

Carlisle Examiner 31.09.1858 p2f Letter to Carlisle Examiner

Carlisle Examiner 26.10.1858 p3c Letter home from soldier

Carlisle Examiner 02.11.1858 p2f Letter home from soldier

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION; Carlisle Branch

CJ 03.10.1944 p3 Inaugural address

CJ 31.03.1950 p3 Name change

CJ 07.04.1950 p2 Affiliation

INDUSTRY AND TRADE First industry Abbey Mill, fulling Mill and dyehouse, which was taken over by the Guliker brothers in 1724, going bankrupt in 1740, local parish registers refer to factory man, factory child [CWAAS vol 85, 1985 pp 187 - 191]; 1772 ‘Considerable manufacture of printed linens and coarse checks....great manufacture of whips .here also made excellent fish-hooks’ [T.Pennant; a tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides, 1772]

CN 31.01.1975 p9 CN 05.10.1979 pp15-21

CN 01.09.1928 p9 In the 1860s

CN 16.12.1933 p14 Review

CN 18.02.1937 p13 Review

CN 15.12.1945 p5 Wartime activities

CN 10.12.1949 p8 Industrial review

CN 17.12.1949 p6 Industrial review

CN 16.12.1950 p7 Review for the year 1950

CN 04.07.1958 Supplement ‘Last 150 years; Carlisle reborn through industry’

CN 14.04.1960 Industrial supplement

CN 24.02.1989 p4 City’s entry to the industrial revolution

CN 06.07.1990 p15 Traffic worries lead to protest

CN 17.08.1990 p23 Industry bid hits strong opposition

CN 31.08.1990 p3 Industry plan sparks storm

CN 14.09.1990 p3 More protesters signing on

CN 14.09.1990 p1 Squeeze on city trade

CN 21.09.1990 p1 I’ll go bust; rent blow

CN 21.09.1990 p10 Warning signs for our shops

CN 21.09.1990 p15 Protest ignored in store plan

CN 05.10.1990 p5 City roads petition is growing

CN 12.10.1990 p13 Jobs cut threat to city painters

CN 19.10.1990 p19 5,000 to join estate battle

CN 26.10.1990 p11 D-Day for Kingstown

CN 16.11.1990 p3 Call to clobber go-slow builders

CN 16.11.1990 p44 City industry protest grows

CN 30.11.1990 p3 Strike threat over jobs axe

CN 30.11.1990 p1 City protest for Heseltine

CN 28.12.1990 p1 Super office plan for 600 jobs

CN 08.03.1991 p25 Rallying call to city action group

CN 18.09.1992 p1 £40m plan powers in with jobs

CN 06.11.1992 p1 City aims for the top

CN 02.07.1993 p4 Railways role vital to city

CN 27.01.1995 p1 City businesses stung by huge hike in rates

CN 17.03.1995 p10 Profits of boom

CN 25.08.1995 pp1,15 Gift firm to open city warehouse

CN 13.12.1996 p10 Christmas demand brings seasonal cheer to firms

CN 04.07.1997 p10 (illus) Fires, strikes and death; life and times of a city mill

CN 13.03.1998 p5 Triple trade boost

CN 12.08.2005 pp18 City must diversify to stop more job losses

INFANT CLOTHING SOCIETY Founded in 1811

1829 Parson and White p 142; details

Mannix and Whellan 1847 p 136

INFANT MORTALITY

City Minutes 1890-91pp158-59. Medical Officer of Health’s annual report

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1919 pp65-70; rates 1909 to 1919

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1923 p12 rate 1891 - 1923

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1925 pp58-64

Sanitary Condition of the City of Carlisle 1928 p66 rate 1909 - 1928

INFIRMARY AND SHOW FORGE Agricultural Hall

CD 1893-94 Ad p12

INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS

On the 11.11.1918 The Armistice was declared. After four years of war, it was finally over. Four years of anxiety, of food shortages, four years of death in which it has been estimated that The United Kingdom forces lost 978,000 servicemen and that more than 20,000,000 died worldwide. What would be the feelings of the crowds that filled the Market Place to hear the Mayor declare that the War was over? There would be cheering, disbelief, a surge of hope that the future was bright. Things could get back to normal. But there was another story which until recently has been largely forgotten, The day after the Armistice Gunner James Park, RGA, died at the 42nd Casualty Clearing Station, France. He was the son of Sarah Lydia and the late James Park, Cote House, Wetheral, aged 23. Cause of death, influenza. At this very moment of triumph the world was in the grip of tragedy, the worst flu epidemic ever seen. An epidemic which over 1918-19 it was at first estimated killed 20 millions, 50 millions and now they calculate 100 millions perhaps. Each year brings a new bout of flu. In 1889-90 there was Russian Flu claiming perhaps 1 million. The Dispensary Report for the year 1890 said A very large epidemic raged throughout the city during the early months of the year of the disease known as Influenza which seems identical with ‘La Grippe’ so extensively prevalent on the continent a little before its visitation to this country. Fortunately the mortality was low, deaths only resulting amongst the old and feeble

Asian Flu struck in 1957-58 resulting in perhaps 2 millions deaths,

Medical Officer’s report for 1957 for Carlisle reported;

The pandemic of this disease spread to Carlisle during the Autumn. It first appeared in soldiers in Durranhill Camp. Shortly afterwards cases appeared in Norman Street School, which serves the married quarters of that camp. The disease soon spread to the senior schools in the centre of the town and then to all schools. Large numbers of children were absent. Epidemic influenza amongst the working adult population swiftly followed the outbreak in the child population. The Government made available Influenza Virus A (Asian) Vaccine to priority classes and 123 people were vaccinated under this scheme. 10 deaths were registered from influenza during the year

in 1968-69 Hong Kong Flu killed perhaps a million. Recently we have become acutely aware of the dangers of Swine or Bird Flu and the prospect of it causing a new pandemic, perhaps to rival the death toll of 1918-19. Flu is a virus which invades cells and reproduces itself quickly. Its natural host is wild fowl but it can cross species to pig and man, that’s why the source of the virus is often places where man and ducks and chickens live in close proximity. There are over 250 different sorts of flu. As it reproduces so it can mutate and it is the mutation which may adapt to man. The virus which we know struck in 1918-19 we now know was H1N1. The latest flu scare is around virus H5N1. Because of censorship in Allied and Alliance countries the flu story was downplayed. In fact the common name for the virus was Spanish Flu, because neutral Spain was the first country to publish details of the outbreak in its press. Flu is a virus too small to be seen or caught in a face mask. It wasn’t until the invention in the 1930s of the Electron microscope that we were able to see the virus.

In 1918 there were 121 deaths in Carlisle from influenza. One of these was John Hornsby, Mulcaster Crescent, Stanwix who was an assistant master at the school in the village. He was aged 32 and was in school a few days before his death. His death was reported in the paper of 26.11.1918 and he is buried in Stanwix cemetery immediately behind the Stanwix War memorial. Interestingly there are perhaps 1,000 memorials to the fallen in Cumbria of one sort or another, but I don’t know of one in the country to the flu victims. There have been hundreds of thousands of books on the war but a handful on the 1918 epidemic. As we have seen the papers were full of the war, there was also a feeling that it was only flu after all, and perhaps people were hardened to tragedy and death. Whatever the reasons there wasn’t an outcry which you’d expect today. To find details of the pandemic is difficult, there are brief details in the papers, but it doesn’t seem to feature in people’s memories of this period. One Cumberland farmer simply wrote

‘Soon after the war ended, there was a strange kind of flu. It was almost like a plague in which thousands of people, in England alone, died including a lot of men and women in Cumberland, some of whom I knew. With none of the drugs and antibiotics we have today, doctors were powerless, and strong men and women were dead in the course of a few days. There was a backlog of funerals. It was claimed 21 million people died. People drank whiskey etc and dosed themselves with all kinds of medicines. One farmer I knew swore he cured himself with paraffin oil’. [Farmer John, life of a Cumbrian farmer, JP Jackson].

There are still people who have family memories of the pandemic. One Carlisle lady told me her grandfather, Frederick Albert Robinson, died of the Spanish Flu. Sapper Robinson, of 5 Caledonian Buildings, was aged 31, had four young children and died on 18.01.1919 in France. The family were awaiting news of him being demobbed, until they got his death notification through the post. School log books are not much use as all county schools were closed and the log of Rockcliffe School simply reads ‘Nov 4th school closed until Jan 6th owing to the influenza epidemic’. There are also personal diaries. One farmer from Rosley wrote on October 28th 1918 ‘It is my painful duty here to record the sad death of our dear brother William Henry which received about half past 3 this day, from Bronchial Pneumonia following Influenza and heart disease of old standing. We did not know he ailed anything until the morning of the day he died. Annie went off by the first train to Lancaster but arrived too late’. There are passing reports in the paper. On the 19.12.1918 the local paper reported that in Egremont District in the past month the death rate of 90.6 per thousand was experienced. The Medical Officer hoped he’d never have to make a similar report. He said that places of amusement had not been closed as during such an epidemic people need to be made a cheerful as possible. Church bells were tolling for the dead each day and on his suggestion to the Vicar this had been stopped. The local press was however full of adverts for products which would prevent flu, the Little Victor Inhaler, Veno’s Cough medicine, Peps influenza infection killing tablets, Jeys Fluid. The City Picture House advertised that by the use of special ventilating machinery at the City Picture House, English Street, Carlisle, the entire air is renewed twelve times every hour, at the same time it is also heated or cooled as required, and all impurities removed by use of air filters which are distributed through the building. The Flu came in two faces, a mild epidemic in June, followed by the killer outbreak in November/ December. Had the virus mutated? There was a third wave in 1919. There were two curious things about this particular strain of flu; the suddenness with which it struck. The Cumberland News of 24.12.1918 reported that at the sergeants dance at Carlisle Castle, Serg. George North, 3rd Border Regiment, was suddenly seized with illness and died of syncope. He was 43 years of age. And here lies the second and most confusing factor. Deaths from influenza in 1918; The age distribution graph suggests that the most vulnerable group were the fit and healthy. 37 people died in Carlisle in the age group 25-25, more than any other age group. Every other flu epidemic targeted the very old and very young. But not this one. It has been suggested that there was a massive over reaction to the virus from the immune system, the strongest reaction coming from the strongest?

Medical Report Sanitary Condition for Carlisle for 1919 stated that;

The epidemic of influenza which affected the city in 1918 attained its maximum intensity in November and December of that year, then rapidly declined. It is not possible to obtain any definite information as to the number of cases of the disease, but the notification of acute influenza pneumonia which came into force on March 1st showed that the epidemic had not entirely died out by that date, as 41 cases of influenza pneumonia were notified in March, 9 in April and 4 in May after which month no further notifications were received until December. 42 deaths [4 non resident, 12 deaths in age group 25-45] were certified as due to influenza. The prevalence of influenza throughout the country has declined to such an extent that the Public Health (Influenza) Regulations (no 1 and No 2) which related to the regulation of public entertainments and cinematographic exhibitions was rescinded on May 6th

Medical Report Sanitary Condition for Carlisle for 1918 reported

107 deaths were due to Influenza [plus 14 non-residents], an increase of 85 on the previous year. Influenza responsible for 13% of total deaths in the year. 91 deaths occurred in the last 11 weeks of the year, 29 of which were registered in the week ending 7th Dec. Increased mortality due to increased number of cases complicated by a fatal type of pneumonia. I am convinced that the closure of schools, especially in urban areas is useless in checking the spread of the disease. Children excluded from school play together in the street, in one another’s houses, places of entertainment and worship. Small supply of influenza vaccine received from the Local Government Board who said it should be used on those in regular contact with flu victims [nurses, doctors] and results reported. Dr Walker afterwards reported that ‘ At any rate in no case under my observation did its use seem harmful’

Recently with flu outbreaks in China there has been a renewed interest in the type of virus that caused the pandemic. Dr Johan Hultin believed that perhaps the secret lay in the perma frost of Alaska. There the epidemic killed 72 Inuit Eskimos in five days in November 1918. Perhaps they could find a sample of the virus in the mass grave? He failed to find the virus in 1952 but revisited the site in 1997 and with the help of pathologist Jeffrey Taubenberger, who examined preserved tissues samples from American soldiers who died in camps in 1918, discovered a corpse with the elusive 1918 virus,H1N1.

City Minutes 1918-19 pp276-281 121

CN 07.12.1929 p9 Carlisle’s old time diseases

CN 04.10.1957 p1 Carlisle girl dies of influenza

ENS 06.02.1978 p8 When killer flu ran rampant

CN 07.12.1990 p4 Memories of flu epidemic

CN 27.10.2000 p1 Scandal over flu jab lottery

INFORMATION CENTRE

CN 12.10.1990 p9 Council centre hoping for the right answers

CN 29.11.1996 p6 Euro MP launches information link

INGLEDENE NURSERY Etterby

CN 19.03.1993 p1 Blooming sad day for firm

INGLEDENE SCHOOL 112 Warwick Road; private school. Today [2009] this property is a bed and breakfast establishment. It is now called Warwick View, although the name Ingledene is still incised on the stone gate post

E.Nelson Around Carlisle p74 School photo with Misses Allonby and Tinkler

Carlisle from the Kendall Collection p120 Photo of School

CP 07.02.1896 p8a Boarding and day school for girls, Warwick Road; principals Miss Tinkler and Allonby

1901 census; Jane A Tinkler, Principal, aged 43, partner Emma Allonby, aged 40

CP 13.01.1905 p1 Ad Boarding and day school for girls

1934 Directory 112 Warwick Rd Misses Tinkler and Allonby

CN 24.07.1937 p14 Closure

INGLEDOW, A.J. Ltd Finkle Street

Stationers and office furnishers

CD 1966-68 AD p299

CN 05.02.1988 p5 Opening new premises; Rosehill Industrial Estate

CN 17.11.1995 pp14-15 Ad

INGLEDOW’S PRINTERS

CN 18.11.1977 p16 (illus)

INGLEWOOD, Dalston Rd Built by Thomas Williamson, Port Rd tanner, with his initials and date of 1897 on doorway, now a nursing home[CN 08.10.2004 p6]

Denis Perriam Denton Holme p78

1901 census; Thomas Williamson, tanner, aged 46, bn Harrington

INGLEWOOD CRESCENT

City Minutes 1934-35 p869 Renumbering of road

INGLEWOOD FOREST INN Pennine Way; completed 21.10.1953. Built by Laings and so named after the Forest of Inglewood which is said to have covered an area from Carlisle to Penrith. Building faced with farmhouse brown facing bricks with French windows leading to a terrace and bowling green and an arch in brick construction

CN 03.10.1953 p9 (illus) New inn opened soon in Carlisle

CN 16.12.1977 p7 (illus) Redecoration

ENS 04.08.1982 p1 Knife raid

CN 29.05.1998 p7 Cumbrian pubs change hands in £15m package

CN 09.11.2007 p7 Opposition to closure of Inglewood and housing development on site

CN 04.01.2008 p15 Objections to housing development on pub site; 41 houses

CN 07.03.2008 p47 Development at Inglewood Forest set for go ahead

INGLEWOOD INFANT SCHOOL Opened Autumn term 1953; official opening 08.04.1954; by December 1954 it was known as Inglewood Infants; but before that was known as Harraby Infants School. The design of the Infants School was chosen by the Ministry of Education for inclusion in an exhibition of 20 designs selected from the whole country to illustrate the most significant contributions to contemporary school building.

CJ 10.04.1954 pp3,5 (illus) Opened

CN 10.04.1954 p3 (illus)

CN 25.07.1997 p15 Infants win a glowing report

INGLEWOOD JUNIOR SCHOOL Officially opened 02.12.1954

Images of Carlisle Cumberland News p84 Photo of 1992 6 aside soccer team

CN 04.07.1997 p13 (illus) Pupils capture city’s history on mural

CN 23.12.1998 p7 School wins ‘A’ from Ofsted

CN 19.12.2003 p3 Viv Sealby retires; deputy head, after 24 years at school

INGLEWOOD RESIDENTIAL HOME

CN 15.03.1991 p12 Ad

INGLEWOOD ROAD

City Minutes 1934-35 p869 Renumbering of road

INGRAM, James 18 Finkle Street [1837 Directory], 37 Annetwell Street [1844 and 1852], Corporation Road [1858 and 1861] Boot and shoemaker

INMANS COURT, 6 Blackfriars Street [1880 Directory]

1924 Carlisle Directory Between 6-10 Blackfriars Street

INNER RING ROAD see RING ROAD

INNER WHEEL

CN 12.03.2010 p11 Carlisle’s Inner Wheel celebrates 65 years

INNES, J.K. and Co Ltd

D Perriam Stanwix p61 Illustration of the Kingmoor Works. Kenneth Innes left his job as a director at Pratchitts in 1947 and started the business with the help of his wife. At the Kingmoor Works they produced transformer tanks for power stations and other heavy chemical plant

CN 20.08.1965 More jobs at city firm

CN 23.12.1965 p8

INNS see HOTELS AND INNS

INSOLE AND GRIMBY

CJ 19.07.1887 p2 For sale, but no successful bid. Lots included three-storey building recently used as a whippery manufactory by Messrs Insole and Grimby

INSTITUTE OF ROAD TRANSPORT ENGINEERS

CN 16.09.1994 p8 Party time

INTEGER FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Victoria Place

CN 03.09.1999 p18 Ad

INTERNATIONAL BRIGADE VOLUNTEERS

Willaim Lomas born 21.12.1912, aged 26. Address 129 Bower Street, Wigton Road. Boot repairer. Party affiliation Labour Party. Member of the TA. Arrived Albacete 05.02.1938. Fought at the Ebro. Repatriated 07.12.1938. Political Commissar remarks ‘Cannot see more than 100 yards. Suggests kitchen or artillery. Does what he is told’

Peter D Robsinson born 14.03.1905 ,aged 35. Market Gardener. Party affiliation Communist Party. Arrived in Spain January 1938. Seriously wounded at the Ebro offensive 31.07.1938. Was in Moya Hospital August to October 1938. Repatriated 18.12.1938

Alec Torrance born Edinburgh 1912, aged 24. Address 73 Brookside, Newtown, Carlisle. Shop assistant. Party affiliation Young Communist League. Arrived in Spain 06.05.1937. Company Political Commissar at the Battle of Brunete. Wounded at Quinto during the Aragon Offensive on 26.08.1937. Hospital at Valdegagna. Later married an American nurse. Repatriated October 1938. Political Commissar remarks ‘A bit strange, but a good fellow’.

John Wilson born 26.05.1915 aged 23. Address 58 Sewell Road, Carlisle. Occupation Labourer. Party affiliation not given. Arrived in Spain 14.02.1938. Captured during the Aragon retreat 01.04.1938. Held at San Pedro until October 1938, when he was released with a large group of prisoners

Joseph William Fennelly, born County Laois, Ireland 12.08.18895, aged 42. Address 76 Oswald Street, Carlisle. Occupation Butcher. Party affiliation not given. Ex British Army and IRA. Arrived in Spain 0.02.1937. Fought with the Abe Lincoln Brigade at the Battle of Jarama (probably in the Connolly Column) Wounded 27.02.1937. Repatriated to England in August 1937 but returned to Spain 05.02.1938. Serve with an anti-aircraft battery defending Valencia. Arrived back in England 31.04.1938

Paterson Pullar was born in Carlisle but lived in Glasgow

INTERNATIONAL SHOW OF FRUIT AND FLOWERS Held in Carlisle Sept. 1877

CN 01.09.1972 p6

CN 07.10.1988 p4 City hosted a top show

INTERNATIONAL SUMMER FESTIVAL

CN 25.04.2003 p25 Fourth music festival will run from July12-19th this year

INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTARY SERVICE; Carlisle Branch

CN 14.01.1966 p10 (illus)

INTERNET

CN 09.02.1996 p5 Roll up to surf the internet (Lanes Library)

ENS 05.03.1996 p18 (illus) Library spins a world wide web

CN 23.02.1996 Supplement

CN 21.06.1996 p3 Colleges weave their web

CN 23.08.1996 p2 No need to spend £36m (Genesis)

CN 23.08.1996 Supplement

CN 04.10.1996 p4 Pirates ‘steal’ county names from the net

CN 03.01.1997 p3 Internet cash plea

CN 07.03.1997 p12 Firms get second bite at internet cherry

CN 24.01.1997 p12 Training logs on to the net

CN 28.03.1997 p11 Explore the Wembley-wide web

CN 15.08.1997 p9 Guardians of the wild go on the web

CN 07.11.1997 p5 County businesses to go global

CN 28.11.1997 p9 Parish pump on the super highway

IREDALE, Joseph Brewers founded 1830s; High Brewery, first High Brewery at Browns Row/ Water Street, at the back of the railway station, this being built in 1794 by John Haugh. He was declared bankrupt on 23.01.1816. This building was demolished in the 1870s for the station extension; new High Brewery opened about 1875/76 on Currock St; State Management stopped brewing here in 1917; this building demolished 1975, after fire in November 1974

CN 21.10.1960 p12 CN 09.02.1968 p10 CN 14.06.1968 p12

S.Davidson Carlisle Breweries and Public Houses 1894-1916, 2004, pp21-29

1851 census High Brewery,Water St, Joseph Iredale,44,Brewer / malster, bn Lorton

1861 census High Brewery, Water St, Joseph Iredale, 54, master brewer, bn Lorton

1877 photo of new High Brewery, Carlisle in Camera 1 p30

1891 census; John G.Iredale, brewer, aged 46, born Carlisle; home 5 Currock Rd

CD 1902-03 Ad p172

CD 1905-06 Ad p14

IRISH

CJ 06.09.1850 Report of assault at Strong’s Buildings, Caldewgate which had begun as an argument amongst three Irish people

CJ 13.09.1850 The Bench to man: ‘You are an Irishman, then you are fond of a row aren’t you’

CN 01.09.1928 p9 Irish workers in the 1860s

IRISH CATTLE MARKET The Sands

CN 21.01.1950 p4 Decline in tolls

IRISH GATE The Caldew Gate, sometimes called the Calder Tower, was built in the 12th century; it was on the road to Whitehaven and thus on the road to Ireland. At the beginning of the 17th century it became known as Irish Gate. All the gate tower intact in 1752 but Robert Carlyle’s drawing of 1791 shows the tower has gone, leaving only the gate arch. Gate removed as part of demolition of city walls in 1811

Topping, G and Potter, J Memorials of old Carlisle p27

CN 06.04.1973 p6 (illus) CN 05.07.1974 p6 (illus) ENS 03.05.1986 p4

Cumberland Pacquet 14.05.1811 Irish gate removed

CN 26.02.1999 p12 Magpies put city history into a fireplace

CN 02.12.2011 p34 Denis Perriam article

IRISH GATE BRIDGE Opened 09.10.2000

CN 31.03.2000 p7 Giant crane to lift new bridge

CN 07.04.2000 p1 (illus) Midnight move

CN 14.04.2000 p1 (illus) Civic Trust slates bridge

CN 06.10.2000 p1 (illus) Irishgate Bridge opens next week (09.10.2000)

CN 13.10.2000 p3 (illus) Disabled access is adequate, says council

CN 06.07.2001 p5 Wheelchair users 8 week delay before they can use bridge

CN 30.11.2001 p8 Access for disables people won’t be restored until 2002.

CN 17.06.2011 p5 Bridge is shut because of corrosion damage

17.09.2011 Bridge still shut

CN 06.04.2012 p15 Bridge reopens

IRISHGATE BROW, foot of Abbey Street [1847 Directory]

IRISH GATE TAVERN Previously called the Old Black Bull Inn/ Blazing Barrel; pub demolished in 1972 for Castleway

ENS 05.10.1916 Amalgamation of Black Bull with Saracen’s Head

Carlisle in Camera 1 p44 photo of pub in 1920s

CN 04.10.1991 p4 (illus)

Images of Carlisle Cumberland News p14 Photo in 1963

CN 06.11.1970 p30 Tavern to be bought by the Council

CN 16.04.1971 p3 Tavern to be closed this weekend

CN 19.05.1972 (illus of inn sign) Inn sign rescued by Tullie House

IRISH LANE, off Drovers lane

D Perriam Lowther Street p55, illus of lane which became Slacks Court

IRTHING STREET

City Minutes 1904-05 Approval for 17 houses

City Minutes 1934-35 p851 Approval for 8 houses on Irthing Street and Tullie Street. Owner E.J.Hill

IRVING, Catherine Scotch Street [1811], 3 Saint Albans Row [1829 and 1834], Milliner

IRVING, George London Road; Close St

Slater

Leading Trader of the City Ad p42 A616

CD 1952 Ad p367

Cumberland Directory 1954 Ad p274

CD 1955-56 Ad p280

CD 1961-62 Ad p298

CD 1966-68 Ad p295

IRVING, Hannah 29 Castle Street [1844 and 1851], 19 Botchergate [1869] Eating house

IRVING, Joseph Grocer, dealer and chapman

CP 19.05.1821 p1c Bankruptcy

IRVING, Joseph Kendal St.; died 15.07.18?? [Monumental Inscription 29/14]

Builder

CD 1880 Ad pxlviii

1882 Porters Directory Ad p122 Joiner, builder, Kendal St

IRVING, Nancy

CP 24.11.1821 p2c Bankruptcy of city innkeeper

IRVING, R.H. Construction firm founded 1975 by Hylton Irving

CN 23.09.2005 p16 Move out of town to Longtown; 52 staff £6.5m turnover

IRVING, R.H. Security fencing specialist

CN 02.09.2005 p14 Firm lands £80,000 deal in Wales; founded 5 years ago

IRVING, Rita Dance teacher

Denton Holme Childhood, B.Cullen, p35 Photo of dancers 1937; p38 in 1939;p24

IRVING, Thomas Carter employing 2 men, aged 70, born Scaleby, home address Botchergate [1851 census]

IRVING, Thomas Irishgate Brow [1834 and 1844], 14 Irishgate Brow [1847 and 1861] Hairdresser

IRVING, W.F. St Nicholas

Antiques, carpet fitter

CD 1955-56 Ad p288

CD 1961-62 Ad p34

IRVING, William Prospect Place, Stanwix [1855], Swifts Row home Stanwix, [1870, 1880], Back Solway street [1884], Slater

IRVING, HINDSON AND CO English Street

Grocer

Carlisle Diocesan Directory 1871; Ad late J.Irving

IRVINGS COACHES Jesmond St

CN 12.09.1997 p17 Ad. Irvings coaches - a name you can rely on

CN 17.11.2006 p20 Launched in 1966 by Robert Irving and Leslie Bell

IRVINGS COURT, Blackwell

1924 Carlisle Directory lists off Lowry Street

IRVINGS COURT, 40 Crown Street [1880 Directory]

1924 Carlisle Directory listed between 38-44 Crown Street

1934 Carlisle Directory

IRVINGS COURT, 92 Union Street [1880 Directory]

IRVINGS LANE, Botchergate

1924 Carlisle Directory Between 34-36 Botchergate, west side

City Council Minutes 1930 -31 p70 Ten dwellings unfit for human habitation

34 Botchergate [1934 Directory]

IRVINGS PLACE, 63 Botchergate [1934 Directory]

1880 Directory 63 Botchergate, formerly Sowerby’s Lane

IRWIN, B Scotch Street

CP 15.10.1825 p2 Grocer removed from Scotch St to English Street

IRWIN, George Globe Lane

Printer

CP 20.10.1821 p2f Starting printing business; to publish The Citizen

CJ 11.08.1832 Marriage of George Irwin, printer, to Miss Sarah Sewell at St Cuthbert’s

ISABELLA STREET, Newtown Rd

So marked on Asquith’s map of 1853

City Minutes 1929-30 p650 Nos 20 and 22 unfit for human habitation

ISMAY, G Wine and spirit merchant

Carlisle the Archive Photographs, p57 photo of shop front on Scotch St

ISMAY’S VAULTS Scotch Street

ENS 02.11.1916 Name changed to Market Tavern

ISMAY’S VAULTS Botchergate

S.Davidson Carlisle Breweries and Public Houses 1894 - 1916 p74-5

ISOLATION HOSPITAL Belle Vue

CJ 18.12.1903 p5 Proposed smallpox hospital

City Minutes 1906-07 p48 Smallpox hospital completed; also 255, 275 etc

CJ 06.12.1907 p4 Hospital to take patients from Workington Prison and Workhouse

CJ 27.12.1907 p4e Earlier in year completed

CJ 30.12.1927 photos of children's Christmas party

CN 18.08.2000 p9 Isolation Hospital sold in 1981

ITALIANS